摘要
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has a poor prognosis with limited treatment options.During the last decade,sorafenib,a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI),has been the only available systemic agent for first-line treatment of unresectable HCC(1).Recently,another multi-TKI,lenvatinib,was added to the list of first-line treatment alternatives based on the results of the phase III RREFLECT trial.For second-line treatment,two multi-TKIs,regorafenib and cabozantinib,were approved in 2016 and 2018,respectively.Among other targeted therapies,ramucirumab and an anti-PD-1 antibody,nivolumab,will soon be added in a second-line setting to the therapeutic armamentarium.These agents,however,generally lead to disease stabilization rather than tumor shrinkage.Achievement of complete remission with available systemic treatments still remains rare,however,and therapeutic breakthroughs are still needed.
