Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatic vein invasion: is it time to reconsider the current treatment guidelines?

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and is responsible for 70–90% of cases (1,2).The presence of macrovascular invasion such as portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) or hepatic vein tumor thrombus (HVTT) is known to be significantly associated with poor prognosis (3).