使用健康信念模型优化糖尿病患者自我护理行为的效果观察

Observation of the Effects of Optimizing Self-Care Behavior Using the Health Belief Model in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients

目的探究使用健康信念模型优化2型糖尿病患者的自我护理行为的效果。方法选取黑龙江省医院2022年1—12月收治的100例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,随机分为传统教育组和健康信念模型组,每组50例。传统教育组采用常规糖尿病知识教育,健康信念模型组在此基础上采用特定课程进行健康教育,均持续12周。对比两组患者的生物学指标、行为指标及心理指标。结果干预后,健康信念模型组的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均低于传统教育组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);健康信念模型组的自我护理行为频率评分为(34.62±5.55)分,高于传统教育组的(30.15±5.73)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);健康信念模型组的健康信念、自我效能感评分均高于传统教育组,健康相关生活质量评分低于传统教育组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用健康信念模型的健康教育能有效提高2型糖尿病患者的自我护理行为,提高其健康信念及自我效能感,改善相关生物学指标,值得临床推广使用。

Objective To explore the effect of optimizing self-care behavior using the health belief model in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital from January to December 2022 were randomly divided into a traditional education group and a health belief model group,with 50 cases in each group.The traditional education group adopted the conventional diabetes knowledge education,and the health belief model group adopted the specific curriculum for health education on this basis.Both groups continued the intervention for 12 weeks.The biological indexes,behavioral indexes and psychological indexes of the two groups were compared.Results After the intervention,the levels of fasting blood glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the health belief model group were lower than those in the traditional education group,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05);the self-care behavior frequency score of the health belief model group was(34.62±5.55)points,higher than(30.15±5.73)points of the traditional education group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the scores of health belief and self-efficacy in the health belief model group were higher than those in the traditional education group,and the health-related quality of life score in the health belief model group was lower than that in the traditional education group,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Health education with health belief model can effectively improve the self-care behavior of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients,improve their health belief and self-efficacy,and improve related biological indicators,which is worthy of clinical promotion and use.