后路减压植骨术治疗脊柱骨折患者的疗效及对其脊髓神经功能的影响

Efficacy of Posterior Decompression and Bone Grafting Surgery in the Treatment of Patients with Spinal Fracture and its Effect on Their Spinal Nerve Function

目的探讨后路减压植骨术治疗脊柱骨折患者的疗效及对其脊髓神经功能的影响.方法选择2020年3月—2021年8月该院收治的180例脊柱骨折患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法分为两组.对照组(n=90)采用椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗,观察组(n=90)则在对照组基础上联合采用后路减压植骨术治疗.比较两组治疗前后伤椎结构恢复情况,采用脊髓损伤神经学分类国际标准评估患者的脊髓神经功能,另统计两组并发症发生率并进行比较.结果治疗后,观察组伤椎前缘高度比、后缘高度比均高于对照组,Cobb's角小于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗后,观察组脊髓损伤神经学分类国际标准中感觉、运动评分均高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组并发症发生率较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论脊柱骨折患者采用椎弓根螺钉内固定术联合后路减压植骨术治疗的疗效确切,能够恢复脊椎结构,改善脊髓神经功能,降低并发症发生风险.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of posterior decompression and bone grafting surgery in the treatment of patients with spinal fracture and its effect on their spinal nerve function.Methods 180 patients with spinal fracture admitted to the hospital from March 2020 to August 2021 were selected as the research objects and divided into two groups by random number table method.The control group(n=90)was treated with pedicle screw internal fixation surgery,and the observation group(n=90)was treated with posterior decompression and bone grafting surgery on the basis of the control group.To compare the recovery of injured vertebral structures before and after treatment in both groups,the international standard for neurological classification of spinal cord injury was used to assess the neurological function of the spinal cord of patients,in addition,the complication rates of the two groups were counted and compared.Results After treatment,the anterior edge height ratio and posterior edge height ratio of the injured vertebra in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,Cobb's angle was smaller than that in the control group,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the sensory and motor scores in the international standard for neurological classification of spinal cord injury of the observation group were higher than those of the control group,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Pedicle screw internal fixation surgery combined with posterior decompression and bone grafting surgery is effective in patients with spinal fractures,which can restore spinal structure,improve spinal nerve function and reduce the risk of complications.