个体化医学营养结合运动训练对妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖控制及母婴结局的影响

Effects of Individualized Medical Nutrition Combined with Exercise Training on Blood Glucose Control and Maternal and Infant Outcomes in Patients with Gestational Diabetes

目的探讨个体化医学营养结合运动训练在妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者中的应用效果.方法选取2019年4月—2021年9月于该院就诊的GDM患者86例,按随机数字表法分为两组,各43例.对照组给予常规健康教育及运动训练干预,观察组在对照组基础上给予个体化医学营养干预,持续干预至患者分娩.比较两组空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后1 h血糖(1 h PG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)水平、孕期指标及母婴结局.结果观察组干预6周后FPG、1 h PG、2 h PG水平均低于对照组,分娩前体质量指数、干预期间体质量指数增加值、羊水指数均低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组胎膜早破、羊水过多、剖宫产发生率均低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论个体化医学营养结合运动训练能增强GDM患者血糖控制效果,改善母婴结局.

Objective To explore the application effect of individualized medical nutrition combined with exercise training in patients with gestational diabetes(GDM).Methods 86 patients with GDM who visited the hospital from April 2019 to September 2021 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method,with 43 patients in each group.The control group was given routine health education and exercise training intervention,while the observation group was given individualized medical nutrition intervention on the basis of the control group,and continued the intervention until the patient gave birth.The fasting blood glucose(FPG),1 h postprandial blood glucose(1 h PG),2 h postprandial blood glucose(2 h PG)levels,pregnancy indexes and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results The levels of FPG,1 h PG and 2 h PG after 6 weeks of intervention in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,the body mass index before childbirth,the increased value of body mass index during the intervention and the amniotic fluid index were lower than those in the control group,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05);the incidences of premature rupture of membranes,polyhydramnios and cesarean section in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The individualized medical nutrition combined with exercise training can enhance the blood glucose control effect of GDM patients and improve the maternal and infant outcomes.