摘要
“跨太平洋伙伴关系协定”(TPP)对于国有企业和竞争中立问题作出了明确的规定,对政府补贴、援助和透明度等问题提出了严格的要求.在日本的主导下,TPP正式更名为“全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定”(CPTPP)并保留了TPP关于国有企业的全部条款.越南在经济和社会体制方面与其他成员国有着较大的差异,却在TPP和CPTPP的谈判过程中始终保持着主动的姿态.尤其在国有企业的问题上,越南政府一直致力于推动改革,积极采取对外开放战略、强化法律制度建设并实行国企股份制改造.然而,相关制度的弊病以及政府面对外资时的两难处境使得改革进度迟缓.加入TPP有望成为越南突破国企改革瓶颈、实现经济快速增长的外部动力.而美国退出后,越南不仅没有顺势退缩,反而在加入并签署CPTPP的问题上表现得更加坚决,体现出越南政府以高标准的国际贸易协定倒逼国内经济制度改革的决心.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement(TPP)has not only made clear definition of SOEs and competitive neutrality but also set high requirements for government subsidy and transparency.Notwithstanding U.S.withdrawal from TPP in 2017,the remaining 11 countries signed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership(CPTPP)and kept the original TPP articles on SOEs.Despite economic and social differences,Vietnam has taken an active part in TPP and CPTPP negotiation.For many years,the Vietnamese government has tried to solve the problems of SOEs through opening-up,legal system building,and equitization.But the drawbacks of related institutions and the dilemma in dealing with foreign investment have slowed the progress.Joining the TPP might exert pressure on Vietnam’s domestic reform so as to break the bottleneck and realize another rapid growth.When the U.S.withdrew from TPP,Vietnam stayed and expedited the ratification of the CPTPP.It reflects Vietnamese government’s resolution to bring domestic economy in line with high-standard international commerce and promote further economic reform.
