戏改1957:越剧与评弹由传统书到现代戏比较研究

The Chinese Opera Reform in 1957:A Study on the Comparison of Yue Opera and Pingtan from Traditional Books to Modern Opera

20世纪50年代是社会主义文化特征全面形塑的决定性阶段,而1957年是一个转折点:既是传统书流行趋势戛然而止的最后一年;又是现代戏孕育萌芽悄然而生的最初一年.这一特殊性在以越剧、评弹为代表的戏曲界表现突出,展现了殊途同归、异源同流的发展态势:在江南戏曲界,越剧演员与评弹艺人均运用时代特色政治语汇,创建传统书目整改组织,提升演出节目上座比率;在国营剧团里,杭州越剧团与上海评弹团均摘得戏曲会演桂冠,编创现代书目剧本,凝练艺术形式特色.由传统书到现代戏的趋同态势,不仅是地方政府按照相同的中央指令,进行社会主义改造的直接结果,是社会剧变针对不同的戏曲艺术,打下相似时代烙印的全面反映,而且是艺人个体依据既往的从业经历,适应现代社会的自我革新,是国营剧团凭借集体的组织优势,扭转艺人思想的统一塑造.

The 1950s were the decisive stage for the overall shaping of socialist cultural characteristics,and 1957 was a turning point:it was the last year when the trend of traditional books came to an abrupt end;it was also the first year in which modern opera came into being quietly.This particularity is prominent in the opera circles represented by Yue Opera and Pingtan,which shows the development trend of the same origin and the same flow through different routes:in the Jiangnan(regions south of the Yangtze River)opera circle,Yue Opera performers and Pingtan artists use the political vocabulary with the characteristics of the times to create a traditional bibliographic reorganization organization and improve the attendance ratio of performances;in the stateowned opera troupes,both Hangzhou Yue Opera Troupe and Shanghai Pingtan Troupe have won laurels in the national opera festival,compiled modern bibliographic scripts and refined artistic features.The trend of convergence from traditional books to modern operas is not only the direct result of the socialist transformation of local governments in accordance with the same central directives,but also the comprehensive reflection of different dramatic arts in the face of social upheavals and the brand of similar times.It is also the self-innovation of artists who adapt themselves to modern society on the basis of their past experience.It is the unified shaping of artists’thoughts by state-owned troupes with their organizational excellence.