中美护士执业资格考试比较

Comparison of RN licensure examination: China and the United States

中国和美国护理人员数量分别居于世界第一和第二位,两个国家均实行了护士执业资格考试以确保注册护士资格的标准化。1995年,中国建立了全国护士执业资格考试制度。与美国相类似,中国护士执业资格考试成为护士注册程序中的重要纽带,对于保障护理工作质量、促进护理行业发展做出了重要贡献。未来中国可能需要借鉴美国相关经验,以不断完善护士执业资格考试制度,比如提高考试频率、为考生提供个性化服务、继续改革考试内容与方式等。如果考试内容和方式能够更好地与当前护理范式及临床要求保持一致,将有利于护士们在进人卫生服务领域时更好地完成护理患者的准备。由于拥有数量巨大的护理队伍,中美两国在护士执业资格考试方面的实践与经验对于其他发展中国家具有一定的示范作用。在中国进一步推动护理教育标准化的新政策成形之际,护士执业资格考试制度改革应该与课程体系改革同步推行。与此同时,课程体系与护土执业资格考试改革对于中国护理队伍建设与护理服务质量的影响需要进一步进行研究。

Having the two largest nursing workforces across the globe,both China and the United States have implemented licensure examinations to standardize the qualifications of registered nurse.China established the National Nursing Licensure Examination(NNLE)in 1995.Like the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses(NCLEX-RN)in the United States,the NNLE has become an important link in the nurse registration process and contributed a lot in quality assurance and development of nursing profession.It may be necessary for the NNLE to learn from NCLEX-RN in several aspects,including increasing the frequency of exam,providing examinees with individualized services,and continuing reforming exam content and format.By better aligning the content and format of the examination with the current nursing paradigm and clinical requirements,nurses may enter the healthcare field better prepared to care for patients.Considering the magnitude of their nursing workforce,both China and the United States have great potential to serve as a role model for other developing countries as they look towards establishing national nursing education programs.As new policies around standardized nurse education in China take form,we urge that the NNLE be included alongside curricular reforms.As these reforms are implemented,continued research will be needed to evaluate the effectiveness of curriculum and licensure exam regulations upon nurse preparedness and quality of nursing care in China.