心理资本在护理实践环境和男护士工作投入间的中介作用

Psychological capital mediates the association between nurses'practice environment and work engagement among Chinese male nurses

目的探索影响男护士心理幸福感的环境因素和个人因素,以及护理实践环境影响男护士工作投入的心理机制,从而为临床护理管理者制订措施提供一定的参考。方法采用护理实践环境指数量表(Nursing Work Index-Practice Environment Scale,NWI-PES)、心理资本问卷(Psychological Capital Questionnaire,PCQ-24)以及工作投入量表(Utrecht Work Engagement Scale,UWES)对中国长沙市3所三级甲等医院的161名男护士进行调查。结果男护士护理实践环境得分为(2.88±0.31)分、心理资本得分为(4.42±0.62)分,工作投入得分为(3.17±1.39)分,均处于中等以上水平。其中,3个量表中得分最低的维度分别为:护理人力资源充足(2.72±0.48)分、希望(4.33±0.72)分以及奉献(2.96±1.61)分。护理实践环境和心理资本都能够正向预测男护士的工作投入,男护士心理资本在护理实践环境和工作投入之间起完全中介作用。结论改善护理实践环境能够通过增加男护士的心理资本来增加其工作投入。护理管理者可以通过提供合理的工作量,和男护士一起制订工作目标等途径来增加他们的希望水平。

Objectives:This study aims to investigate the environmental and individual factors contributing to male nurses'psychological well-being and to explore the psychological mechanisms that may explain the links between nurses'practice environment and work engagement,thereby presenting the implications for nurse managers.Methods:A total of 161 male nurses from three tertiary first-class hospitals in Changsha City in China participated in the study.We collected the data using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index,the Psychological Capital Questionnaire,and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale.Results:Scores of male nurses'practice environment(2.88±0.31),psychological capital(4.42±0.62),and work engagement(3.17±1.39)were all above the midpoint;however,the subscales"the nursing staffing and resources adequacy"(2.72±0.48),"hope"(4.33±0.72),and"dedication"(2.96±1.61)scored lowest.Nurses'practice environment and psychological capital positively predicted nurses'work engagement;psychological capital fully mediated the influence of nurses'practice environment on work engagement.Conclusions:Creating a supportive nursing practice environment can increase male nurses'work engagement by developing their psychological capital.Nurse managers can then provide reasonable workload and pathways for male nurses to achieve goals,thereby fostering their hope.