摘要
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a primary malignancy of the liver with a high mortality rate.Heterogeneity is the main biological characteristic of HCC,which manifests through the different biological behaviors of each phenotype and ultimately,affects patient prognosis and treatment efficacy.Various aggressive biological behaviors are considered to be associated with the poor prognosis of HCC patients including poor differentiation,microvascular invasion,intracellular fat accumulation,invasive growth,bile duct invasion or tumor thrombosis,and tumor spread and metastasis,and have been reported as prognostic biomarkers.In addition,HCC results from multifactor synergistic damage,and various factors related to genetics,molecular pathology and immunohistochemistry such asβ-catenin,Ki67,cytokeratin-19,and epithelial cell adhesion molecule have an impact on HCC differentiation and prognosis.This article is an overview of the biological behaviors that lead to poor prognosis of HCC,and the roles of morphological and quantitative noninvasive imaging biomarkers in the evaluation and prediction of these behaviors.Some common biomarkers related to genetics,molecular pathology and immunohistochemistry are also briefly summarized.It is hoped that this review will provide clinicians and radiologists with an update on the development of liver imaging,and provide directions for the combination of radiology,genetics,molecular pathology and histopathology to better predict the prognosis of HCC patients.
基金
This work was supported by grants from the Research Grant of National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant number 81771797)
Science and Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province(Grant number 2017SZ0003)
the 1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(Grant number ZYJC18008).
