自然种类词项二难、卡茨解决与二维框架

The Natural Kind Term Dilemma, Katz's Solution and the Two-Dimensional Schema

作为自然种类词项二难的一个例子,“猫是动物”既是一个必然命题(唐奈兰),又不是一个必然命题(普特南).卡茨认为,这个二难由弗雷格分析性概念和涵义概念造成;放弃这些概念,转而主张康德式的分析概念,并让涵义完全退回语义学领域,二难就会消失.卡茨的解决会让这一命题成为先天偶然命题,这跟克里普克认为其是后天必然命题相左.不过,通过二维框架的刻画,卡茨和克里普克的分歧很容易被克服.

As an example of the natural kind term dilemma,the sentence"cats are animals”expresses both necessary proposition(according to Donnellan)and non-necessary proposition(according to Putnam).Katz holds that the dilemma results from the Fregean conception of analyticity and sense;it will disappear if we replace the Fregean analyticity with Kantian one and replace the Fregean sense with Katz's one respectively-Consequently,the proposition"cats are animals"is contingent a priori,which contradicts Kripkean idea that the proposition is necessary a posteriori.This contradiction,however,can be easily eliminated if Katz's and Kripke's theories concerned are characterized in a two-dimensional schema.