从《百条》到《清文指要》——以话条排列与内容的对照为中心

From Tanggū Meyen（ 《百条》） to Qingwen Zhiyao（《清文指要》）: Focusing on the Order and Contents of Chapters

《百条》诸版本是一个系列性的会话教材,最初仅有满文,后来发展为满汉、蒙汉或满蒙汉等的合璧形式.本文以其最初阶段,即满文版《百条》与满汉合璧版《清文指要》之间的关系为对象,通过对比此二书的话条编排顺序与话条内容,从而探讨《清文指要》对《百条》进行了怎样的修改或调整这一问题.通过考察,我们发现《清文指要》的编者对《百条》所做的几种修改,如:在话条编排顺序方面,《百条》中对话体与独白体的区别性分布在《清文指要》中被取消,而有关满语学习的话条置于卷首部分;在话条内容方面,《清文指要》的编者删除了《百条》中不适合作为教材的内容,而运用其自身的修辞技巧来进行增添和润色.

Tanggū Meyen( Baitiao, published in 1750, abbreviated as TM) is a Manchu textbook from the Qing dynasty, which was later revised to bilingual textbooks such as Manchu-Chinese, MongolChinese, and Manchu-Mongol-Chinese. In this paper, we compared the order and contents of the chapters in TM and its Manchu-Chinese bilingual version Qingwen Zhiyao(《清文指要》)( published in 1789, abbreviated QZ) to figure out what modifications were made when the editor was creating QZ based TM. After careful investigation, we observed the following changes made by the editor of QZ: 1) dialogues and monologues were arranged in seperate chapters in TM, but in QZ they were lumped together; 2) the chapters on learning Manchu language were relocated to the beginning of QZ; 3) however, the parts that could not serve as apt learning materials for Manchu eight banners were removed; 4) and, sentences from TM were modified and expanded using the rhetorics characteristics of Chinese classics.