对北京话特点的再思考

A Revist of the Characteristics of Pekingese

本文主要讨论四个问题.第一,介绍及补充与太田辰夫提出的北京话七个语法特征相关的其他有关论著.因为这七个特征可以说是学界的共识,但是要全面正确地掌握他的见解以及根据这些特征来分析语料的时候,必须研读他的其他论文.第二,沿袭上述的太田先生的研究思路及成果,对一些语料的词汇语法进行了描写及分析.从中可见太田老师提出的这七个条件很具有典型性,特别是前六项非常准确地反映了北京话的特征,且助词“来着”可以说是最有代表性的北京话标志.第三,我们对“形容词+着”结构以及表示方位的“这么”“那么”进行了调查.第四,通过对《老残游记》的分析,讨论了南北官话的差异问题.

This paper discussed the following four points. First, it discussed the seven characteristics of Pekingese pointed out by Ota Tatsuo. These characteristics have already been recognized in the academic circles; however, it is not possible to grasp his points of view without a precise understanding of his papers. Therefore, the author made some enhancements to Prof. Ota’s papers as well as introduced them. Second, the author has described and analyzed the linguistic data based on Prof. Ota’s analysis and his achievements. Consequently, it was proved that the seven characteristics of Pekingese pointed out by Prof. Ota, were extremely valid and that the first six above-mentioned properties were precisely reflected by the characteristics of Pekingese. Among these, the paticle" lai-zhe(来着)" is the most representative indicator. Third, this paper discussed the" adjective+zhe(着)" and the directional" zheme/name(这么/那么)". Finally, this paper analyzed the differences between Pekingese and Nanjingese based on the study on dialects used in the novel" Laocan Youji"(《老残游记》).