从文本比较看威妥玛所编汉语教材的北京口语特征

The Colloquial Features of Peking Dialect from the View of Text Comparison Revised by Wade T.F.

威妥玛《寻津录》第二章的《圣谕广训》与《语言自迩集》第五章的《谈论篇百篇》分别改编自《圣谕广训衍》第一章与《清文指要》,改编中所产生的异文,表现出清末北京口语用词用句的特点.本文以此为重点进行分析,说明从18世纪到19世纪末语言演变、语言接触过程中北京口语逐渐成为主流语言的主导地位,借此进一步说明通过文本源流异文比较进行清代汉语研究,这一方法值得重视.

The Chinese textbooks The Hsin Ching Lu( Part II: The Sacred Edict CAP.1寻津录·圣谕广训)and Yü-yen Tz?-êrh Chi(Part VI: The Hundred Lessons 语 言 自 迩 集· 谈 论 篇)are respectively adapted from the first chapter of Amplification of the Sacred Edict and Qingwen Zhiyao( 《清 文 指 要》)by Wade T. F. The differences between the original texts and those adapted in the textbooks show the characteristics of colloquial words and sentences of Peking dialect in the late Qing dynasty, which will be the focus of this article. It illustrates that oral expression of Peking dialect gradually become the dominant speech form in the process of language evolution and language contact from the 18 th century till the end of the 19 th century.The present study presents a case study of Chinese in the Qing dynasty based on the comparison of different text sources, and what has been achieved suggest that the research method merits more attention.