从早期北京话材料看语气词“呢”和“哪”的关系

The Relationship of the Function Words Ne（呢）and Na（哪） in Early Beijing Dialect Texts

学界对语气词“呢”和“哪”的关系有合音说、弱化说和强化说等不同观点.考察早期北京话材料,可以看到北京话中的“呢”经历了语音弱化过程:ni-na-n(e).从ni到na,表持续、确认语气的“呢c”比表疑问、停顿语气的“呢q”先发生;从na到n(e),“呢q”比“呢c”先发生.当弱化为na时,就记写为“哪”.所以“哪na”只是“呢ni”弱化过程中的次强形式.早期北京话“呢”的不同语音形式,在其他方言中能找到平行的类型.

This paper proposes that the function word ne(呢) has undergone three stages of phonetic reduction, ni-na-n?, based on early Beijing dialect texts. It is observed that 呢 c(the marker of the continuation and the exaggeration mood) changed earlier than 呢q(the marker of the interrogation and the pause) during ni-na, but the change sequence is reverse during na-n?. The character na (哪) recorded the weak na. Variations of early Beijing dialect 呢 maybe found in other dialects.