早期北京话在汉语史和现代汉语研究中的重要性

The Essential Role of Pekingese in the Study of the History of Chinese and Modern Chinese

作为普通话的基础,北京话对于研究现代汉语和汉语史具有重要的价值,而其中晚清民国时期的北京话尤其重要.1840年至1949年之间,伴随中国社会的剧烈变动,北京话在语音、词汇、语法各方面都发生许多变化,此阶段的北京话研究可以为现代汉语的形成、分期的研究提供重要的线索.汉语学界对北京话研究相对薄弱,其中一个重要原因是材料缺乏.近年来,大量早期北京话材料的发掘,为北京话研究的开展提供了极大的便利.当代北京话由于受到普通话影响,很多有特点的语音、词汇、语法现象正在迅速消失,收集、研究北京话刻不容缓.

Pekingese, especially in late Qing times and early ROC period, plays an important role in the history of Chinese study and modern Chinese research. From 1840 to 1949, Pekingese changed a lot in pronunciations, vocabulary and grammatical uses following the huge movement of China. With the study of Pekingese in this period, more clues could be found on the origin and stages of modern Chinese. For lack of materials, researches on Pekingese was insufficient in the past, while these researches have been greatly promoted owing to the collection of a large number of early Pekingese texts, recently. Contacting with Mandarin Chinese, the current Pekingese has lost numerous characteristics on pronunciation, vocabulary and grammatical uses. Investigation and research on Pekingese need to do with urgency.