16例新生儿水痘临床分析

Clinical Analysis on 15 Cases of Neonatal Varicella

目的探讨新生儿水痘的临床特点、诊断及预后。方法对川北医学院附属医院2011年1月1日~2013年12月31日住院的新生儿水痘病例16例进行回顾性分析。结果16例均有明确的接触史,典型的皮疹,发热。12例治愈出院,4例因放弃治疗后死亡,病死率为25豫。16例患儿中,12例为先天性水痘,均合并有并发症(12/12),其中3例死亡;4例获得性水痘患者中仅2例合并并发症(2/4),死亡1例。14例并发症的情况为:4例并发皮肤感染,7例并发水痘肺炎,2例并发水痘脑炎,1例并发多器官功能损伤。结论新生儿期水痘病情危重,易发生并发症,并与预后相关。早期诊断,加强育龄妇女的预防接种及新生儿的防护隔离,可减少新生儿水痘的发生。

Objective To discuss clinical symptoms,diagnosis and prognosis of neonatal varicella.Methods Fifteen cases of neonatal varicella hospitalized in Af iliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 1,2011 to December 31,2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Al of 16 cases had clear contact history,typical rash and fever.Among these cases,12 of them had been cured,while other 4 cases died after giving up treatment,The mortality rate was 25%,12 cases were congenital varicella,al of them had complications(12/12)and 3 cases died.Among 4 acquired varicella cases,only 2 of them had complications(2/4)and 1 case died.The situation of complications was as follows:4 cases with skin infection,7 cases with varicella pneumonia,1 case with varicella encephalitis,and 1 ease with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Conclusion The mortality rate of neonatal varicella is relatively high,especial y the eases with complications.The complications have a huge impact on the prognosis.Early diagnosis and prevention is very important.The most effective way to prevent varicella and associated neonatal infection is immunization with varicella vaccine before pregnancy.