土壤微生物发酵液对猪苓菌丝生长的影响

Effect of fermentation broth of soil microbes on mycelial growth of Polyporus umbellatus

[目的]研究土壤微生物发酵液对猪苓菌丝生长发育及胞外多糖质量浓度的影响,为其大规模人工栽培提供技术支持.[方法]从猪苓生活的土壤中分离微生物(细菌、放线菌、真菌),通过平板试验,筛选对猪苓菌丝或菌核生长有促进作用的菌株;用筛选出的微生物发酵液培养猪苓,以不添加发酵液的培养基为对照,比较不同发酵液处理对猪苓菌丝生物量及胞外多糖质量浓度的影响.[结果]平板培养中,细菌L2、L3、L5、L9处理菌丝均有分泌物出现;随着培养时间延长,菌丝颜色逐渐变黄变褐,除L2外,其余细菌菌株处理猪苓均有菌核生成;放线菌A14处理猪苓菌丝生长速度较快,但与对照差异不显著;真菌P3处理猪苓菌丝生长速度与对照相比显著提高.在液体培养基中,真菌P4发酵液可显著提高猪苓菌丝生物量,菌丝体干质量达7.67 g/L;放线菌A3发酵液处理猪苓菌丝胞外多糖质量浓度最高,达0.133 g/L.[结论]从土壤中筛选出了能够促进猪苓菌丝生长发育、提高猪苓胞外多糖质量浓度的菌株.

【Objective】This study investigated the effects of fermentation broth of soil microorganisms on growth and development of hyphae and extracellular polysaccharide content of Polyporus umbellatus to provide support for its large-scale artificial cultivation.【Method】Soil microorganisms(bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi)were isolated from the soil with Polyporus umbellatus.The strains with the ability of promoting growth of hyphae or sclerotia were screened.Then the liquid fermentation of screened microorganisms were used and effects on mycelial biomass and extracellular polysaccharide content were analyzed.【Result】In solid culture,the bacterial treatment groups L2,L3,L5 and L9 had secretions.The color gradually turned yellow and brown.All bacterial fermentation broths promoted the formation of sclerotia except L2.The growth rate of actinomycetes mycelium in treatment A14 was faster,but was not significantly different from the control group.The fungi P3 treatment of the hyphae was faster,with significant difference from the control group.The yield of hyphae was significantly increased by P4 fermentation broth,with the rate of 7.67 g/L.A3 fermentation broth had the highest mycelia extracellular polysaccharide content of 0.133 g/L.【Conclusion】Strains were screened from soil to promote growth of hyphae and increase extracellular polysaccharide content of Polyporus umbellatus.