蒙元时期回回“哈只”考

Some Investigationgs into Hajjs of Huihui During Mongol-Yuan Dynasty

穆斯林大规模移居中国是在元代,大部分穆斯林入华后能较严格地遵守伊斯兰教礼仪制度,保持伊斯兰风俗,按常理推断,他们中必然有人会按《古兰经》的要求,赴天方朝觐.“哈只”一般是对穆斯林中朝觐过麦加者的称呼.关于明代郑和的研究注意到其先人为“哈只”,并承认他们的先人按照穆斯林的基本功课要求,前往麦加朝觐过.但是在穆斯林大量来华的蒙元时期,有多少“哈只”,他们的情况如何,似尚无集中研究.本文分析研究了有关蒙元时期回回“哈只”的几例史料,并将他们分为外来哈只和本土哈只.通过分析研究,得到了一点蒙古—元朝时期在华的穆斯林朝觐的粗略轮廓.

A large number of Muslims migrated to China during the Yuan dynasty.Most of them strictly abided by Islamic regulations and customs. Some of them must have made pilgrimage to Mecca and become Hajjs because pilgrimage is a duty requested by the Koran. Hajj is the title used respectfully in reference to Muslims who have made pilgrimage to Mecca. The study of Zheng He shows that his ancestors were called Hajj and argues that they have made pilgrimage to Mecca. But there is no specific study on the number of Hajjs and their conditions in the Mongol-Yuan dynasty when a huge number of Muslims moved to China. This paper analyzes some sources on Hajjs during the Yuan and categorizes them into two types-Native Hajjs and Foreign Hajjs. I hope to paint a sketchy portrait of Muslim Hajjs who lived in China during the Yuan dynasty.