二元创新团队的共享心智模式：悖论、机制与过程

Shared Mental Model in Ambidextrous Innovative Teams:Paradoxes, Mechanisms and Process

共享心智模式已成为预测企业创新团队绩效的重要指标.不过,在今天复杂动荡的环境下,学界对创新团队的共享心智模式如何应对创新柔性与效率之间的冲突问题一直缺乏清晰的解释,对共享心智模式的实质内涵的理解也存在着争议.本文立足心智模式理论和组织学习理论,采用文献比对和理论演绎方法,尝试构建二元情境下的创新团队心智模式共享机制.本文分析发现二元创新团队的共享心智存在多组悖论,并在此基础上建立起两组选择性耦合机制:(1)统一的抽象层二元心智模式匹配自由沟通、互补任务和同质知识模式的共享;(2)统一的抽象层二元心智模式匹配具体层规范沟通、相近任务和异质知识模式的共享.然后推导出基于'感知—加工—内化—修正—沟通'的团队心智共享过程.研究从心智模式的路径完善了情境二元性理论的构建,并为二元组织共享心智模式的培育提供了指导模型.

Summary:Shared Mental Model(SMM)has long been considered as an effective predictor of firms’innovative team performance.Indeed,firms(especially innovative teams)have to confront frequent balancing problems between flexible creation and routine refinement under dynamic business environment today.Innovative teams may lose their way or being self-isolated when they are simply holding breakthrough-oriented or efficiency-oriented SMM.Hence an SMM which is supportive for team cognitive transformation is imperatively required.Current literature,however,has suggested different SMM mechanisms and is still arguing about the construct of SMM,which leads to occasional contradictions in empirical studies,and further exploration of SMM in ambidextrous innovation is hindered.In respond to the above questions,the author adopts document comparison and theoretical deductive methods,and tries to launch a new sharing mechanism for the team mental model in an ambidextrous innovative situation.In total,this study can be divided into four sections,including the connotation of SMM,its sharing paradoxes,sharing mechanisms and sharing process.In the first section,based on mental model theories and organizational learning theories,the author suggests that SMM contains a double-level construct in its origin:an abstract level presented as an ambidextrous mental model(consisting of self-efficacy,belief in reciprocity and paradoxical innovative thinking)and a specific level presented as a knowledge mental model(consisting of task knowledge,technical knowledge and interactive knowledge).In the second section,based on the double-level construct,the author further claims that five sets of SMM paradoxes may occur in ambidextrous innovative teams,and these paradoxes may lead to breakthrough-oriented or efficiency-oriented SMMs.In the third section,based on previous theoretical contributions,the author separately analyzes the operation logic and drawbacks of traditional sharing mechanisms for SMM,and then proposes a brand-new mechanism,named selective coupling,for SMM under the ambidextrous innovation context.Then the author demonstrates two sets of element combination in such a mechanism:(a)shared ambidextrous mental model to be fit with free interactions,complementary tasks and homogeneous knowledge model;(b)shared ambidextrous mental model to be fit with formalized interactions,similar tasks and heterogeneous knowledge model.In the fourth section,the author deducts a mental sharing process of team members for the selective coupling mechanism,which expresses as a“perception-processing-internalization-adjustment-interaction”cyclical process.Additionally,the author proposes both a catalyst(ambidextrous mental model)and a lubricant(transitional mental model)for accelerating this process.This article has significant theoretical and practical implications.From the theoretical perspective,the article completes the theoretical construction of contextual ambidexterity from a mental model perspective,and refines the connotation of SMM by proposing a double-level construct.From the practical perspective,the article provides a guiding framework for developing SMM in ambidextrous organizations.