韩国“汉文教育”之特点与前途

The Characteristics and Prospect of Classical Chinese Education in Korea

在韩国,中学课程设有两门课——“汉文”和“中国语”.“汉文”课学习古代文言文,“中国语”课学习现代汉语.韩国法律虽规定必须专用韩文,但在实际上也可以混合使用韩文和汉字.如今,韩国是分为古代文言文和现代汉语进行教育的国家,因而韩国汉文教育的情况很复杂.众所周知,韩国1443年创制了韩文(训民正音),是个优秀的文字系统.然而,自古以来,韩国以汉字记录了语言,并且在创制韩文以后汉字仍然被使用,汉字容易保持以前的优势地位,同时被认为是官僚知识分子的专属物.汉字仍然影响到韩国政治、社会和文化等各个方面,以汉字撰写的文献资料大量存在.目前,现代韩语词汇中50%(以常用词汇为准)至80%(以学术词汇为准)的词汇属于汉源词.韩国汉源词和现代汉语词汇的字音和字义有些差异,而且韩国为了表达其固有的文化,创造了新汉字.由于这些原因,现在韩国汉文和现代汉语不得不分开进行教育,教育目标、内容、方法、评价以及教师培养制度等方面都大相径庭.文章以韩国汉文教育为研究对象,考察国家教程、高考考题,探讨汉文教育和现代汉语教育共同发展的方案.此项研究不但在韩国语言教育的发展上具有一定的意义,而且会有助于加强汉字文化圈的国家之间互相了解和交流.

In Korea,the secondary school curriculum has two courses—"Classical Chinese Subject"and"Chinese Subject". Classical Chinese subject learning Chinese written 〗words and sentence in ancient,Chinese subject learning modern Chinese.Although it is legal to use only Hangul in Korea,it is possible to mix Chinese Characters in general life.Korea is the only country that is divided into ancient Classical Chinese and modern Chinese. Therefore,the Korean language education in Korea is very complicated. Most countries attach importance to language education in order to establish national integrity and national identity.Therefore,it is often difficult for foreigners to understand Korean Classical Chinese education.It can be said that the unity of"Chinese culture circles"is a little looser than before.However,according to the historical experience and reality of various countries,the influence of them is different. This paper will take Korean Classical Chinese education as the object of study,investigate the national education curriculum,secondary school textbooks,university entrance examination questions,and explore the common development plan of Classical Chinese education and modern Chinese education.This work will not only make sense in the development of Korean language education,but also help to strengthen mutual understanding and communication among countries in the Chinese cultural circle.