Functions of S100B in cardiovascular disease

S100B is an EF chiral protein, which is acidic and mainly located in Schwann cells and glial cells of the nervous system. It has the functions of regulating calcium homeostasis and protein phosphorylation, activating glial cells and regulating their migration and proliferation. At the same time, S100B is also expressed in myocardial tissue, which can reduce the concentration of calcium ions in myocardial cells, thus reducing myocardial contractility. It can also negatively regulate cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the activity of P38 kinase and reducing MHC expression, and induce apoptosis by extracellular mechanism namely interacting with receptor of advanced glycosylation end product (RAGE) and activating the extracellular regulatory kinase (ERK1/2) and p53 signal. The intracellular and extracellular effects of S100B are promising therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.