帝国逻各斯的解构:伯罗奔尼撒战争与修昔底德关于雅典帝国的反叙事

Deconstruct the Logos of the Empire of Liberty:The Peloponnesian War and Thucydides’ Anti-Narratives of Athenian Arche

雅典帝国的兴败荣辱,是横亘在帝国时代思想者之间的分水岭.波斯帝国原属地哈利卡纳索斯人希罗多德继承(希腊)自由vs.(波斯)专制这一雅典话语,模仿《荷马史诗》的语言、风格乃至史诗特有的环形结构模式,完成了一部《历史,或雅典帝国的崛起》,希罗多德的雅典帝国元叙事,成为西方帝国逻各斯建构之始.针对外邦人希罗多德的雅典帝国叙事,被放逐的雅典人修昔底德完成了一部《历史,或雅典帝国的衰亡》.在这部关于雅典帝国的反叙事中,关于自由vs.专制的话语仍旧有效,只不过这一回雅典成了专制帝国,而希腊古风时代的领袖斯巴达重新成了自由理想的代表.在希罗多德那里已经妥善解决的题目(雅典与斯巴达的制度孰为优胜),在修昔底德的时代重新成为问题.斯巴达所代表的旧制度卷土重来,对帝国时代的新文化成功发起了反攻,最终伯罗奔尼撒战争终结了雅典帝国,修昔底德的《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》终结了雅典帝国逻各斯.

The Rise of Athenian Empire produces the historian Herodotus,and the Fall of Which,Thucydides.Herodotus,admirer of Athens.imitating Homer’s language,style and even the Ring Composition pertaining to Epics,gives birth to the logos of empire of liberty in his Histories,or The Rise of the Athenian Empire.Thucydides.exile from Athens,countering Herodotus’Narratives of Athenian Empire,employing archaic language and also the Ring Composition pertaining to Epics,composes anti-narratives of Athenian Empire in his Histories,or The Fall of the Athenian Empire.The Peloponnesian War ends the Athenian Empire,and Thucydides’anti-narratives ends her logos of empire of liberty.