血管性认知障碍的精神行为症状及其评估

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of vascular cognitive impairment and their assessment instruments

精神行为症状在血管性认知障碍患者中并不少见,如抑郁、淡漠、激越、焦虑、幻觉、妄想等,这组症状极大地影响了患者的日常生活质量及认知功能康复。以往,国内外研究者更多地将其注意力集中于血管性认知障碍的认知功能改变上,而对于这些非认知症状则相对较少关注。然而,在目前对于血管性认知障碍的认知相关症状仍缺乏有效治疗手段的情况下,对于精神行为症状的治疗就显得尤为重要。同时,这组症状还可作为血管性认知障碍的早期表现以加以识别与干预。因此,本文从流行病学、症状学和评估工具几个角度对血管性认知障碍的精神行为症状进行综述,从而为广大临床和科研工作者提供思路与指导。

Behavioral and psychological symptoms,such as depression,apathy,agitation,anxiety,hallucination and delusion among others,are not uncommon in patients of vascular cognitive impairment(VCI).These symptoms can deteriorate significantly the patients’quality of life and their rehabilitation outcomes.In the past,more attention were focused on the cognitive symptoms of VCI,while the non-cognitive ones were to a large extent overlooked.However,it is important to take these non-cognitive symptoms into account,particularly when the cognitive aspect of VCI is still hard to tackle with.Meanwhile,some of these behavioral and psychological symptoms manifest as the early indicators of VCI.In this article,we described the epidemiology,symptomatology and assessment instruments of behavioral and psychological symptoms of VCI,in order to provide some insights for clinical practices and scientific researches.