周细胞在中枢神经系统微血管病变中的研究进展

Progresses of pericytes in central nervous system microvascular diseases

周细胞是中枢神经系统中一种重要的细胞成分,定位于脑微血管管壁,由基底膜环绕,与内皮细胞和星形胶质细胞终末足突紧密相连.作为脑微血管的重要组成部分,周细胞参与脑血流的调控、血脑屏障的形成和维持、神经免疫以及多能性干细胞分化等功能的调节.脑周细胞的功能失调与许多中枢神经系统疾病的病情发展相关,疾病的发生导致周细胞损伤,周细胞的功能失调又使得病情迁延不愈,甚至加重.越来越多的证据已经表明周细胞在阿尔茨海默症、缺血性脑卒中、蛛网膜下腔出血和癫痫等中枢神经系统疾病中发挥了重要的的作用.

Pericyte is a type of important cellular constituents in the central nervous system (CNS),which is located at periphery of the microvessel wall,surrounded by basement membrane (BM) and connected with endothelial cell (EC) and astrocytes endfeet.As such important components of microvasculature,diverse functions have been assigned to pericytes,including control of brain blood flow,development and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier,regulation of the neuroinflammation and may function as pluripotent stem cells.The dysfunction of brain pericytes is associated with the progression of many CNS diseases.The occurrence of the disease leads to pericytes injury.The dysfunction of the brain pericytes make the disease worse.Increasing evidence suggests a highly specialized role for pericytes in a wide range of CNS diseases like Alzheimer's disease,stroke,subarachnoid hemorrhage,epilepsy and so on.