文、质之辨:日本江户诗话中魏晋诗歌的不同形象及其诗学背景

Distinction of Style and Quality: Different Images and Poetic Background in Wei-Jin Poetry Comment during the Edo Period

江户时代日本诗话对魏晋诗歌风貌的描述,可运用文、质这组相对待的概念来概括.大致分为两种情况:一是认为魏晋诗歌质胜于文,属其主流观点;二是认为魏晋诗歌文胜于质,但相关论述较少.日本诗话对魏晋诗歌的不同理解与评价,折射出日本诗论家之间不同的诗学趣味.近体诗在唐代定型,随着这一时期中日文化交流的频繁化,成为东瀛诗家的主流体裁,唐、宋诗为其模仿对象.魏晋诗相对边缘化,反因不受创作实践调节,更能直接反映当时日本诗坛的风气与派别.与中国相关论点不乏文质彬彬、两端兼备之说相比,日本诗论家在文、质之间,总倾向于一端,罕有执两用中之论.这与日本诗坛在汉诗创作中尚处于摸索状态有关,也表现出日本诗论的某些特点,值得我们关注.

We could summarize the description of Wei-Jin poetry in Edo Period with“style”and“quality”.There were two situations.First,it was believed that quality was superior to style in Japanese poetry corranent,which was the mainstream view.Second,style was superior to quality,which was less diseussed.Different opinions and corrtments on Japanese poetry cormment indicated different tastes of different critics.Modern poetry was developed further in the Tang Dynasty.With the frequent cultural exchanges between China and Japan in this period,it became the mainstream genre of Japanese poetry.It imitatedTang and Song poems.Wei-Jin poetry was relatively marginalized,but it was for reasorl that it was influenced 1ess and it could reflect the fashion and school of Japanese poetry.Chinese poets are always thought to be elegant and nlodea'ate,while Japanese poets tend to favor one end or the other.It was because that the Japanese poets were still in an exploring state for creating Chinese poems.The Japanese characteristics in their creation deserve more attention.