日本学者论白居易的“兼济”与“独善”——以日本学者下定雅弘的《中唐文学研究论集》为中心

On Bai Juyi's Philosophy of Life by Japanese Scholars: With a Focus on Shimosada Masahiro's A Collection of Literary Studies in the Middle Tang Dynasty

下定雅弘基于对白居易一生思想变化的细致深入的分析研究,认为白居易的“独善”与“兼济”同等重要,他进而阐述了“独善”的双重意义,也即除了“不得志修身”之外,还有“自安佚之为乐”之含义.与下定雅弘同时代的一批日籍学者,似乎都比较偏爱“独善”,而“独善”之中,则又偏好其另一层含义也即“个人的舒适和快乐”,这与其民族观念及其时代思潮密切相关.下定雅弘等关于白居易“兼济”“独善”思想的新阐释,乃是当今日本汉学界的共识.下定雅弘在白居易研究中有不少一些独特的研究视角以及研究成果,都充分体现了下定雅弘作为一个汉学家的研究实力,值得我们借鉴与学习,而其研究中存在的某些局限也不容忽视.

Shimosada Masahiro thought that self-concerned and valued were equally worthy of praise in Bai Juyi’S heart by analyzing the change of his thought.Then Shimosada Masahiro expounded the two meanings of seif-concerned:self-cultivation and self-comfort.Affected by the race idea and the time spirit,it seetlled that his contemporary Japanese scholar were partial to the meaning of self-concerned,especially the idea of selfcomfort.The definition of the self-concerned and valued by Shimosada Masahiro has become the common view in Japanese Sinology.The unique research perspectives and achievements in Shimosada Masahiro’s reaearch of Bai Juyi shows his strong research strength as a sinologist and should be learned by a11 of us,but there are also some problems that merit our attentions.