“命由我作”与“场屋制义”:袁黄时文观发微

'Destiny is Mine' and 'Eight-legged Writing on Examination Room': Yuan Huang's View on Eight-legged Essay

晚明士人袁黄于举业之道甚有心得.作为其主体思想的“命由我作”被融入到场屋写作中.首先,他主张通过立善以促进科第,此种“德福”一致的观念利于增进士人对中第的信心.其次,举业指导思想上对“经”“注”关系进行再思考.于《四书》阐释,主张训诂上补苴罅漏,义理上融会众说,将时文写作从朱注的桎梏中解放出来,以能真正达至“言精阐微,根极理要”的阐释目的.再次,时文训练中,以“拟议”为始,以“变化”为终.“拟议”难免受程式束缚,而“变化”则是创作主体的真正体现.在破与立的过程中,以六经与时文经典为精神源泉及写作轨范,以创作出醇雅独至的经义佳构为最终旨归.总体而言,袁黄的时文观始于现实目的的考虑,却能不止于功利,而在时文写作中赋与其品格,实则是主体性的真正挺立.

As a scholar in the late Ming Dynasty,Yuan Huang had much experience in the imperial examinations.“Destiny is mine”as his subject idea was integrated into the examination.Firstly,he advocated the promotion of passing civil examination through good works,and such a concept of“morahty and blessing”was conducive to enhancing the SCholars’confidence in examination.Secondly,he think again about the relationship between“jing'(经)and“zhu"(注)in the guiding ideology of the examinations practice,On the interpretation of philosophicsl connotations,he pmpened to write beyond just the annotations from Zhu Xi,and think from our"own spirituality.Thirdly,in the writing training,the beginning was“imitate”and the end is“dlange”.“Imitate”is unavoidably bound by procedures,and“change”is the real embodiment of the creative subject He admired to regard the Six Meridians,eight-legged essay classics as inspiration and writing norms,and then created a unique and elegant organization of excellent axnpositiorL Overall,Yuan Huang’s views on eightlegged essay,which started from the eonsidcration of practical purposes,are more than utilitarian,could maintain character of eight-legged essay,and actually were the real standing of the subjectivity.