不独穷人亦瘦人——晚年陆游的“诗”“穷”关系论

Not only to Poor but also to Thin People:On the Relationship between 'Poetry' and 'Poor' of Lu You's Poems in His Later Years

晚年①陆游在诗中大量论述“诗”与“穷”之间的关系,他在赞同欧阳修“穷者而后工”的基础上,又结合前人论述与自身体验,对其进行发展.同时,陆游又重提“诗之能穷人”说,并发展出诗能“瘦人”、使人“鬓毛衰”白头”的观点.这与晚年陆游的精神苦闷、生活贫困息息相关.不过,陆游最终超越贫困,看淡荣辱,对“诗”与“穷”的关系也有了更理性的认识,追求一种冲淡平和的诗风.这种理性认识与冲淡平和的诗风,与宋代“不怨之怨”的平淡诗学观一脉相承.

In his 1ater years,Lu You wrote a lot about the relationship between“poetry”and“poor”in his poems.On the basis of endorsing Ouyang Xiu’s“Perfection after Political Adversity”.he combined his predecessors’discourse and his own experience to develop it.At the same time,Lu You resubmitted the sayiilg that“the poetry can make people poor”and developed the idea that poetry can“skinny people”and make people’s hair on the temples grow thin and“whiteheads”.This is closely related to the mental depression and poverty of life of Lu You in his later years.However,Lu You eventually surpassed poverty。scorned humiliation,and had a more rational understanding of the relationship between“poetry"and“poor”,pursuing a poetic style that was diluted and peaceful.This kind of rational understanding and dilute and peaceful poetic style are in Iine with the Song Dynasty’s Poetic Concept of“no complaints and resentment".