梁漱溟、熊十力从生命论至文艺观的分歧

Divergence on Views between Liang Shuming and Xiong Shili from Life Philosophy to Literature and Art

梁漱溟早年以“直觉”论述生命的特征,但随后加以扬弃,思想学术发生了重要转变.转而以“无私的感情”提示人生修养的目标和方法,弘扬“中国人的理性”.他认为生命是一个通过修养达到自觉的过程,只有不断汰杂去执,方能洞见宇宙本体;但生命本身不具有本体的意义.在这一点上,他与熊十力发生了重要的分歧,熊十力认为生命乃“一真之流行”,即流行即主宰,体用不二,生命具有本体的意义.二者呈现超越“五四”精神的两种思路.梁漱溟从“无私的感情”抽引出来的文艺思想,将文艺引向“高明”之境,对新文艺出现的重重弊端,痛下针砭,并指示价值的方向.熊十力对于“五四”新文化顺势承受而加以超越,其生命的文学观,展现人性的广阔视野.对于新文艺显示出来的单一“现代”价值观、功利主义等等,具有对症治疗、强化肌体的意义.

Liang Shuming expounded the feature of life with the idea of intuition on his early years while he developed and discarded some aspects of this theory later thus it brings a vital change to his own thoughts and academic views,He shifted his former ideas to unselfish emotion which can be used to imply the target and means of cultivation of life and carry forward the Chinese rationality.He considered life as a process of reaching consciousness to see the true nature of universe through self-improvement and the unceasing elimination from distractions and wrong obsessions.However,he didn’t think the life itself contains the ontological meaning which is opposite from Xiong Shili who regards life as a pure perfection running through daily life by its own inner fragments,specifically,life is embodied in every moments and that counts the most during the process;the ontology and the methodology share the identity;life itself contains the ontological meaning.Those two thoughts transcended the spirit of the May Fourth Movement and presented two brand new paths,Liang Shuming,giving sharp criticism against all sorts of shortcomings arising from the Chinese new Literature and art,revealing the correct orientation of the true value,extracted his literary thoughts from the unselfish emotion which brings Chinese literature and art to detachment state.Xiong Shili,taking advantage of the opportunity of the May 4 th New Culture Movement,inherited the new culture and transcended it.His views of life of literature reveal a broad horizon on humanity and it does good to overcome the shortcomings,that is,the unitary value,utilitarianism and others shown from the Chinese new literature and art.Moreover,his views prompt and enrich the contents of the Chinese new literature and art.