秦汉文书程式范本的文体学意义

The Stylistic Significance of the Model Texts of Administrative Documents in the Qin and Han Dynasties

随着文书行政制度的确立,秦汉时期出现一种文书程式范本,对文书写作做出形式上的规范和指导.与先秦的礼辞范本不同,这类文书范本已脱离了仪式语境和口头表达形式,在某种程度上开启了对文本化“公文文体”特征的相对自觉的认知.而表示“文书程式规范”的“式”概念在法制建立后兴起,体现出入们对文体程式的认识脱离了礼学框架,从而更为明晰独立.这显示了法制建立下文体学的新动向.这种文体程式范本的形式在后代仍广泛应用,应成为文体学研究的一部分.

Along with the establishment of document administration system,a series of model texts which prescribes and guides the writing of documents appeared during the Qin and Han Dynasties.Different from the ritual language of Pre-Qin,this type of model texts,in a sense,separates itself from ritual context and oral expression,which therefore marks the beginning of a relatively conscious perception of the characteristics of textual“administrative documents”.However,“shi”,used to signify“norm of documental patterns”,sprung up after the establishment of legal system,and this represents that people understand stylistic patterns from a clear and independent perspective,breaking away from the framework of ritual theory.These shows the new development of stylistics.The similar model text of stylistic pattern is widely used in later generations and should be regarded a part of the study of stylistics.