Clinical treatment procedure and experience of six gene-edited pigrhesus monkey heterotopic heart xenotransplantation

Heart transplantation is an effective treatment for endstage heart failure;however,problems such as the severe shortage of donor hearts,rejection,the toxic effects of immunosuppressants,and serious postoperative complications remain.[1]Heart xenotransplantation is one of the most promising alternatives to address the shortage of allogeneic donor hearts.However,the recipient survival rate and quality of life are affected by major obstacles,including immune rejection,complement and coagulation dysfunction,and infection.[2,3]Owing to the continuous improvement of gene editing strategies for donor pigs and anti-immune rejection strategies for non-human primate recipients.