2017-2021年菏泽市1543例布鲁氏菌病病例的流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of 1543 cases of brucellosis in Heze City from 2017 to 2021

目的了解菏泽市布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)疫情分布情况及流行特征,为今后制定防控措施提供依据。方法自中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2017年1月1日至2021年12月31日菏泽市布病报告数据信息;自各市、县、区疾病预防控制中心收集2017年1月1日至2021年12月31日菏泽市布病流行病学个案调查表。采用回顾性分析方法,对2017-2021年菏泽市布病病例的三间分布、临床表现及发病前3周内流行病学史进行描述性分析。结果2017-2021年,菏泽市累计报告1543例布病病例,无死亡病例,2018年发病率最高(5.16/10万)。每年3-6月为发病高峰期(759例)。全市各县区均有病例报告,报告病例数较集中的县区分别为牡丹区(386例)、曹县(271例)、郓城县(251例)、单县(138例)和巨野县(132例)。发病年龄最小为11个月、最大为84岁,主要集中在20~69岁(1381例);男女性别比为2.50∶1.00(1102∶441)。农民发病人数最多(1329例)。病例临床表现主要为发热、多汗、乏力、肌肉和关节酸痛。发病前3周内流行病学史调查,与动物有密切接触史的有1124例,其中接触羊的有1044例。结论2017-2021年菏泽市布病发病率呈先升后降趋势,疫情波及全市各县区,以男性中老年发病为主。今后应严把病畜流入关口,加大免疫接种与检疫力度,阻断传播途径。

Objective To investigate the epidemic distribution and characteristics of brucellosis in Heze City,and to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control measures in the future.Methods The data of Heze City brucellosis reported from January 1,2017 to December 31,2021,were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.The epidemiological case questionnaires of brucellosis in Heze City from January 1,2017 to December 31,2021 were collected from the centers for disease control and prevention of various cities,counties and districts.Retrospective analysis was used to conduct a descriptive analysis of the distributions,clinical manifestations and epidemiological history 3 weeks prior to the onset of the disease in Heze City from 2017 to 2021.Results From 2017 to 2021,a total of 1543 cases of brucellosis were reported in Heze City,with no death.The highest incidence was in 2018(5.16/100000).The peak period was from March to June each year(759 cases).There were cases reported in all counties(districts)of the city,and the counties(districts)with more cases were Mudan District(386 cases),Cao County(271 cases),Yuncheng County(251 cases),Shan County(138 cases)and Juye County(132 cases).The minimum age of onset was 11 months,and the maximum was 84 years old,mainly between the ages of 20 to 69(1381 cases).The gender ratio between males and females was 2.50∶1.00(1102∶441).Farmers had the highest incidence of the disease(1329 cases).Main clinical manifestations were fever,hyperhidrosis,fatigue,muscle and joint soreness.Epidemiological history investigation within 3 weeks before the onset of the disease revealed 1124 cases of close contact with animals,including 1044 cases of contact with sheep.Conclusions From 2017 to 2021,the incidence of brucellosis in Heze City shows a trend of first rising and then decreasing,and the epidemic affects all counties(districts)of the city,mainly middle-aged and elderly men.In the future,it is necessary to strictly control the flow of diseased animals,increase immunization and quarantine,and block the transmission route.