新型冠状病毒感染疫情后我国季节性流感的流行趋势与防控建议

Epidemic trends and prevention and control of seasonal influenza in China after the COVID-19 pandemic

新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间,为遏制新型冠状病毒传播所采取的一系列非药物干预措施对季节性流感(简称流感)的流行模式产生了影响,流感活动强度显著降低,未再检测出B/Yamagata谱系。全国流感哨点监测数据显示,2012—2019年度,流感呈现明显的季节性流行特征,年均流感病毒检测阳性率为14.57%。新型冠状病毒感染疫情暴发后,我国流感的常规季节性规律被打破,2020—2021年度呈极低流行水平(年均检测阳性率<1.0%),2021—2022年度冬季高峰复现。自2022年12月26日对新型冠状病毒感染实施“乙类乙管”后,社会活动逐步恢复,流感活动强度出现反弹,呈现反季节流行,并出现流感与新型冠状病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和肺炎支原体感染等其他呼吸道传染病交互或共同流行。流感和其他呼吸道传染病防控强调多病共防,建议长期、持续监测流感病毒和新型冠状病毒等的流行趋势;注重促进重点人群的流感和新型冠状病毒疫苗接种;加强普及防控知识,提高公众自我防病意识等。

During the COVID-19 pandemic,a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions,which were implemented to curb the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),significantly modified the seasonal pattern of influenza.The intensity of influenza activity markedly decreased and B/Yamagata lineage was no longer detected.As the national influenza sentinel surveillance data shown,clear seasonal patterns were observed for influenza between 2012-2019,annually with an average of 14.57%of specimens tested positive for influenza virus.However,the seasonal pattern of influenza was disrupted after the outbreak of COVID-19.In the 2020-2021 season,influenza demonstrated an extremely low activity(yearly positivity rate<1.0%),followed by a resurgence of winter peak in the 2021-2022 season.Following the downgrade of management of COVID-19 to Class B in China in December 26,2022,social activities gradually resumed,leading to the rebound of influenza activity with an out-of-season ciculation.After COVID-19 pademic,other respiratory infectious diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2,respiratory syncytial virus,and mycoplasma pneumonia were alternatively or concurrently circulated with influenza.The prevention and control of influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases emphasizes a multi-disease prevention strategy,including long-term and continuous monitoring the epidemic trends in influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2,promoting influenza and COVID-19 vaccination among key populations,and strengthening the knowledge and public awareness of prevention and control for respiratory infectious diseases,etc.