北京市大兴区中小学生近视情况分析

Distribution Characteristic of Myopia among Primary and Secondary School Students in Daxing District,Beijing

目的:调查分析北京市大兴区中小学生筛查性近视的流行病学分布,并探讨其矫正情况。方法:横断面调查研究。于2022年9月至2023年3月对首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院与北京市大兴区教委合作的20所学校共15031名中小学生进行视力及屈光检查。采用满足GB/T11533-2011的视力表检查视力,并采用符合ISO0342要求的台式电脑验光仪对学生进行非睫状肌麻痹下屈光检查,测量3次,取其平均值。近视增长率取每年级近视患病率计算环比增长率以描述近视的分布特征。不同月份出生、不同性别间、不同学段间学生视力和屈光度差异比较采用卡方检验分析,视力与屈光度随年龄的变化趋势分析采用Pearson相关性分析。结果:共纳入北京市大兴区中小学生15031名(30062眼)进行分析,年龄5~19岁。北京市大兴区中小学生近视患病率为51.25%,其中小学、初中、高中生近视患病率分别为39.02%、79.55%、86.69%。男生近视患病率(49.38%)低于女生近视患病率(53.22%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(趋势)=22.07,P<0.001)。随学段增高(χ^(2)_(趋势)=75.68,P<0.001)、年龄增长(χ^(2)_(趋势)=54.23,P<0.001),近视患病率呈升高趋势。小学一年级近视增长率达到最高,为72.06%;小学四年级高度近视增长率最高,为135.71%。不同月份出生的中小学生中,3—5月出生的近视比例最高(52.58%)(χ^(2)_(趋势)=28.29,P<0.001),6—8月出生的非近视比例最高(50.87%)(χ^(2)_(趋势)=22.38,P<0.001)。在近视中小学生中,仅47.08%进行了不同类型的视力矫正,其中选择框架眼镜矫正者占多数(93.99%)。近视未进行规范矫正者多为小学生、低度近视学生。结论:北京市大兴区中小学生近视患病率较高,且女生的患病率高于男生。近视患病率与高度近视患病率均随年龄增加、年级升高呈升高趋势,其中近视增长率在小学一年级达到最高值。近视学生仅一半进行视力矫正,选择框架眼镜者多数。

Objective:To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of myopia screening among primary and secondary school students in Daxing District,Beijing,and to explore its correction status.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 15031 primary and secondary school students from 20 schools in Daxing District,Beijing were screened for visual acuity and refraction screening under the cooperation between Beijing Tongren Hospital and Daxing District Education Commission of Beijing,from September 2022 to March 2023.A visual acuity chart meeting the requirements of GB/T11533-2011 was used to evaluate visual acuity,and an optometer meeting the requirements of ISO0342 was used to assess the refraction under non-ciliary paralysis.The examination were performed three times and the average value was calculated.The chain growth rate of myopia prevalence in different ages were described the characteristic of myopia.The Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in visual acuity between different months of birth,genders and age groups.The Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between visual acuity and age.Results:A total of 15031 participates(30062 eyes)from primary and secondary school in Daxing District,Beijing were included in the analysis,aged 5 to 19 years old.The overall prevalence of myopia was 51.25%.The prevalence of myopia were 39.02%,79.55%,and 86.69%for primary schools,junior and senior high schools,respectively.The prevalence of myopia was higher in females(53.22%)than in males(49.38%)(χ^(2)=22.07,P<0.001).The prevalence of myopia was increased by academic level(χ^(2)=75.68,P<0.001)and age(χ^(2)=54.23,P<0.001).The highest chain growth rate of myopia was up to 72.06%at first-grade and the highest chain growth rate of high myopia was up to 135.71%at fourth-grade.The proportion of myopia and non-myopia is the highest among students born during March to May(52.58%)(χ^(2)=28.29,P<0.001)and June to August(50.87%)(χ^(2)=22.38,P<0.001),respectively.Among myopic students,only 47.08%had undergone different types of visual correction,with the majority choosing frame glasses(93.99%).The proportion of myopic students who had not undergone standardized visual correction was consist of mostly primary school students and low myopic students.Conclusions:The prevalence of myopia is relatively high among primary and secondary school students.The myopia rate and high myopia rate both increase with age and grade.The chain growth rate of myopia and high myopia reaches its highest in the first-grade and fourth-grade of primary school.Only half of myopic students underwent visual correction,with the majority choose frame glasses.