Safety and efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in HIV-infected patients with severe comorbidities:a prospective observational cohort study

To the Editor:People living with the human immunodeficiency virus(PLWH)are more likely to develop cancers,have a more severe clinical course of cancers,and have a higher mortality than healthy population.Standard treatments and immunotherapy like immunecheckpoint inhibitors(ICIs)used for cancer are being employed increasingly to treat non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome-defining cancers in PLWH because of an improvement in combined antiretroviral therapy(cART)efficacy and life expectancy.[1]Malignant tumor cells provoke suppression of immune checkpoints and promote immunosuppressive states,which favors evasion of the immune system and tumor growth.ICIs act by blocking inhibitory pathways through invigorating T cells and other innate cells and adaptive cells,thereby resulting in productive antitumor immune responses.