抗生素用药后发生不良反应800例次回顾性分析

Adverse reactions caused by antibiotics:a retrospective review on 800 cases

目的探讨抗生素用药后发生不良反应的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2019年12月至2021年12月驻马店市第一人民医院记录的800例次发生抗生素不良反应患者的临床资料,统计常见的不良反应、抗生素类型及不良反应的高发年龄段。结果51~76岁人群不良反应发生率最高(45.63%,365/800),明显高于16~32岁(23.62%,189/800)、33~50岁(30.75%,246/800)人群,P<0.05。发生不良反应最常见的抗生素是左氧氟沙星(161例次),其次较常见的抗生素为头孢噻肟(132例次)、头孢曲松(102例次)、阿莫西林(82例次)。抗生素最常见的不良反应是恶心症状(127例次),其次为皮疹(113例次)、瘙痒(104例次)症状。结论随着患者年龄的增长,抗生素不良反应发生率增高,发生不良反应常用的药物为左氧氟沙星、头孢噻肟、阿莫西林,最常见的不良反应为恶心、皮疹、瘙痒。临床要不断完善药物应用制度,规范用药情况,合理应用抗生素。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of adverse reactions caused by antibiotics.Methods The clinical data of 800 cases of adverse reactions to antibiotics recorded in Zhumadian First People’s Hospital from December 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The common adverse reactions,types of antibiotics,and age ranges with high incidence of adverse reactions were collected.Results The incidence of adverse reactions in the population with age of 51 to 76 years(45.63%,365/800)was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in the population with age of 16 to 32 years(23.62%,189/800)and with age of 33 to 50 years(30.75%,246/800),P<0.05.The most common antibiotic with adverse reactions was levofloxacin(161 cases),followed by cefotaxime(132 cases),ceftriaxone(102 episodes),and amoxicillin(82 cases).The most common adverse reaction of antibiotics was nausea(127 cases),followed by rash(113 cases)and pruritus(104 cases).Conclusions As the age of the patients increases,the incidence of adverse reactions caused by antibiotics increases.The commonly used antibiotics with adverse reactions are levofloxacin,cefotaxime,and amoxicillin;while the most common adverse reactions are nausea,rash and itching.It is necessary to continuously improve the drug application system,standardize the drug use,and rationally use antibiotics in clinical.