孕早期营养治疗在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用效果

Effect of nutrition therapy in the first trimester on patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

目的探讨孕早期营养治疗在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的应用效果。方法抽取2018年9月至2021年4月南阳市第一人民医院收治的妊娠期糖尿病患者84例,按随机数字表法分为营养治疗组与常规干预组,每组42例。常规干预组采用常规干预,医学营养治疗组采用孕早期营养治疗。对比两组遵医行为执行率、空腹血糖(FBG)及餐后2 h血糖(PBG)水平、血脂水平、妊娠结局及新生儿结局。结果营养治疗组遵医率(95.24%,40/42)高于常规干预组(76.19%,32/42),P<0.05。干预后,营养治疗组FBG、PBG水平低于常规干预组(P<0.05);干预后,营养治疗组胆固醇、三酰甘油水平低于常规干预组(P<0.05)。营养治疗组阴道顺产率(95.24%,40/42)高于常规干预组(78.57%,33/42),剖宫产率(4.76%,2/42)低于常规干预组(21.43%,9/42),P<0.05。营养治疗组新生儿不良结局发生率(7.14%,3/42)与常规干预组(14.29%,6/42)比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论妊娠期糖尿病患者孕早期进行营养治疗,可改善血糖、血脂水平,提高阴道顺产率,降低新生儿不良结局发生率。

Objective To investigate the effect of nutrition therapy in the first trimester on patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods Eighty-four patients with gestational diabetes mellitus treated in Nanyang First People’s Hospital from September 2018 to April 2021 were selected,and they were divided into nutrition therapy group and routine intervention group according to random number table method,with 42 cases in each group.The routine intervention group was given routine intervention,and the nutrition therapy group was given medical nutrition therapy in the first trimester.The compliance rate,fasting blood glucose(FBG)level,2-hour postprandial blood glucose(PBG)level,blood lipid level,pregnancy outcomes and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results The compliance rate of the nutrition therapy group was 95.24%(40/42),which was higher than the 76.19%(32/42)of the routine intervention group(P<0.05).After the intervention,the levels of FBG and PBG in the nutrition therapy group were lower than those in the routine intervention group(P<0.05).After the intervention,the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in the nutrition therapy group were lower than those in the routine intervention group(P<0.05).The vaginal spontaneous labor rate in the nutrition therapy group was 95.24%(40/42),which was higher than the 78.57%(33/42)in the routine intervention group(P<0.05);the cesarean section rate in the nutrition therapy group(4.76%,2/42)was lower than that in the conventional intervention group(21.43%,9/42),P<0.05.There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse outcomes between the nutrition therapy group(7.14%,3/42)and the routine intervention group(14.29%,6/42),P>0.05.Conclusions Nutrition therapy in the first trimester of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus can improve levels of blood glucose and blood lipid,increase the vaginal spontaneous labor rate,and reduce the incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes.