Review of science and technology innovation policies in major innovative-oriented countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

Since the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,major innovative-oriented countries have adopted various science and technology innovation(STI)policies to address global public health challenges.Using data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development STI Database,this study analyzed international STI policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.The findings revealed that the pandemic has dramatically stimulated the application of STI policies,and there are commonalities and differences in the STI policies of different countries.Meanwhile,COVID-19 has disrupted planning for allocating resources for STIs,leading to duplication and inefficiency.Based on the findings,this study recommends increasing research investment to address the long-term challenges of major infectious diseases,strengthening support for enterprises,promoting data sharing and openness,enhancing the internationalization of scientific research,strengthening scientific consultation and communication,and devoting more policy attention to vulnerable groups.