增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩的诊治现状

Status of diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic scar and keloid

近年来,针对增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩的发生机制和治疗开展了许多高质量的研究工作,本文就这两方面的现状进行简要总结。增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩均属病理性瘢痕,表现为皮肤真皮网状层的纤维异常增生。这种异常增生源于损伤导致的真皮内慢性炎症反应,一些风险因素通过增加炎症反应的强度和延长炎症反应的时间,影响瘢痕的进程和转归。了解相关风险因素,可有效开展患者教育,并预防病理性瘢痕的发生;针对这些风险因素,建立了包含多种方式的综合治疗体系。近期高质量的临床研究为这些治疗和预防方式提供了循证医学证据,证实了该体系的有效性和安全性。

In recent years,many high-quality studies have been conducted on the pathomechanism and treatment of hypertrophic scar and keloid.This article briefly summarizes the status in these two aspects.Hypertrophic scar and keloid belong to pathological scar,which is characterized by fibrous dysplasia of reticular layer of dermis.This abnormal hyperplasia is due to the chronic inflammatory reaction in the dermis caused by injury.Some risk factors affect the process and outcome of the scar by increasing the intensity and duration of the inflammatory reaction.It is effective to understand the relevant risk factors to conduct patient education and prevent the occurrence of pathological scars.In view of these risk factors,a comprehensive treatment system,including multiple methods,has been established.Recent high-quality clinical research has provided evidence-based medical evidence for these treatments and prevention methods,which has confirmed the effectiveness and safety of the system.