德国全科医生培养体系对我国社区全科医生临床教育的启示

The enlightenment of German genral physician training system on the clinical education of community general practitioners in China

德国家庭医生以诊所经营为主,实行自我管理,提供基本医疗服务;德国医生自由执业的基础是德国的同质化医学教育;医学教育改革强调理论和实践教学贯穿医学教育全过程;毕业后教育按照全科医学专科特点设置轮转方案和考核标准,强调在诊所的临床实践时间并注重心身医学的教育;通过医疗保险的给付制度督促医生的继续教育。本文借鉴德国全科医生培养模式,提出加强本科院校教育期间的全科医学教育启蒙,并在加强全科医生的临床实践环节、全科医学培训基地建设以及社区带教师资能力提升等方面提出建议,以期对我国的全科医生培养提供参考。

German family physicians practice independently in clinics,and provide primary health care services.General practitioners are a type of specialists.The basis for the self-management of German doctors is the homogeneous medical education in Germany.The new round of medical education reform emphasizes the theory and practical training throughout the entire process of medical education.All medical students in Germany need to go to the clinic for internship and be familiar with primary health care models.Post-graduation education sets rotation plans and assessment standards according to the characteristics of general practice specialties,emphasizes the clinical practice time in the clinics,and urges doctors to continue medical education through the payment of medical insurance.This article draws on the German general practitioner training model,proposes to strengthen the enlightenment of general practice education during the education of undergraduate medical colleges,and strengthen the clinical practice of general practitioners and the construction of general practice training bases,as well as improve the ability of the community physician faculties,in order to provide a reference for the training of general practitioners in China.