非侵入性加压负载模型在膝骨关节炎研究中的应用

Noninvasive load in research of knee osteoarthritis

骨关节炎(OA)与异常应力作用下骨和软骨共同病变密切相关,目前机制仍不清楚。为了研究其机制,目前常用有自发性、基因修饰、侵入性模型(手术诱导,化学诱导)等多种动物模型。这些模型都是OA研究的重要工具,但这些模型具有混杂效应,并不能完全反应异常应力在整个病变过程中的作用。随着研究深入和技术提高,非侵入性加压负载模型逐渐地被用于研究OA的疾病发展,其采用对活体动物直接加压负载方式,形成多种不同形式的损伤,来模拟临床中异常应力作用下,或各种创伤后OA的发生和发展。非侵入性加压负载模型不仅可模拟外部应力,而且还可量化应力的负载条件,进而对疾病发生、发展过程中的异常应力或过度负载等损伤过程进行更客观的研究。本文通过对常用的非侵入性加压负载模型的应用情况和研究进展进行综述,为将来针对异常应力负载和创伤后膝OA研究提供有意义的一种途径,为探索OA病变机制以及相关预防和治疗提供潜在的研究方法和理论依据。

Osteoarthritis(OA)closely associates with pathological changes of bone and cartilage under abnormal stress,however,the mechanism of it is still unclear.In order to study the mechanism,many animal models such as spontaneity,gene modification,invasive models(surgical and chemical inductions)are commonly used.All of the models are important tools for OA research,but they have mixed effects and unable to comprehensively reflect the role of abnormal stress in the whole pathological process.With the development in research and improvement of technologies,non-invasive compression-loading model has been gradually employed to study the development of OA.With a direct compression-loading,it can create variety types of injuries to simulate the occurrence and development of OA induced by abnormal stress or various injuries in clinic.A non-invasive loading model can not only simulate externally loaded stress,but also quantify the load and then make more objective studies on the injury caused by abnormal stress in the whole process of disease.This paper summarised the application and research progress of non-invasive compression-loading models.It may provide a meaningful way for the future study of abnormal stress load and post-traumatic knee OA,to explore the mechanism of OA lesions and relevant prevention and treatment,with a potential research method and theoretical basis.