微小RNA在急性肾损伤中的作用

Role of microRNA in acute kidney injury

急性肾损伤(AKI)是多种原因引起肾功能短期快速下降所导致的临床综合征,患病率及死亡率高,深入研究AKI的调控机制对于改善其预后非常重要。微小RNA(miRNA)是内源性的短链非编码RNA,可通过影响靶mRNA的转录后活性来调控细胞的增殖、分化、代谢和凋亡等生物学功能。现已发现,miRNAs在各种人类疾病中发挥着重要作用。一些miRNAs通过促进炎症、凋亡和纤维化而在AKI中具有致病作用,而另一些miRNAs则具有抗炎、抗凋亡、抗纤维化和促血管生成的肾脏保护作用。所以,miRNAs不仅是AKI的新型生物标志物,还有望成为潜在的治疗靶点。本文综述了miRNA在AKI中的作用研究进展。

Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a clinical syndrome caused by short-term rapid decline of renal function due to various causes,with high morbidity and mortality.In-depth study of the regulatory mechanism of AKI is very important for improving its prognosis.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are endogenous short-chain non-coding RNAs that can regulate biological functions such as cellular proliferation,differentiation,metabolism,and apoptosis by affecting the post-transcriptional activity of target mRNAs.It has been found that miRNAs play important roles in various human diseases.Some miRNAs have pathogenic roles in AKI by promoting inflammation,apoptosis,and fibrosis,while others have renoprotective effects by inhibition of inflammation,apoptosis,and fibrosis as well as promotion of angiogenesis.Thus,miRNAs have not only emerged as novel biomarkers for AKI,but also held promise to be potential therapeutic targets.This review summarized the research progress on the role of miRNAs in AKI.