公民自愿捐献器官的家庭文化模式初步探讨

Preliminary research on family cultural model of voluntary organ donation

目的家属意见是器官捐献成功的关键,并深受家庭文化因素的影响。本研究立足于中国特定的文化背景,探讨我国公民自愿器官捐献的家庭文化模式。方法基于扎根理论,以家庭为研究单位,采用团体讨论法对15个家庭,共59位公民进行了深入研究,通过Nvivo12软件对访谈数据进行系统编码与数据分析。结果家属器官捐献认知与态度:在59名家庭成员中,25人赞成器官捐献,30人明确反对捐献器官且不支持家属捐献器官,仅有8人支持家人捐献器官。器官捐献家庭文化模式:基于家庭现代化理论,根据家庭器官捐献意愿是否以父亲为主导可分为父权型家庭文化模式、独立型家庭文化模式、父权颠覆型家庭文化模式。根据家庭器官捐献意愿是否受社会环境影响可分为保守型家庭文化模式、摇摆型家庭文化模式和无私奉献型家庭文化模式。结论我国公民器官捐献意愿受家庭文化影响较大,整体器官捐献意愿水平较低。不同的家庭文化模式对器官捐献影响不一,根据不同家庭文化模式,采取具有针对性的策略,有助于提高器官捐献成功率。

Objective In China,family members'opinions,which are deeply influenced by family culture,are the key to the success of organ donation.This study explored the family cultural model of voluntary organ donation based on the specific cultural background of China.Methods Based on the grounded theory,taking the family as a unit,a total of 15 families(59 family members)were interviewed using group discussion to collect citizens'information on voluntary organ donation.Nvivo12 was used to catalog and analyze the data.Results Regarding awareness and attitude towards organ donation of families,among the 59 participants,25 had the intention to donate,among whom only 8 supported their family members to sign up as donors.Thirty were unwilling to donate organs and they seemed to deny other family members to donate.With regard to family cultural model of organ donation,based on family modernization theory and according to whether the willingness of family organ donation is dominated by the father,it can be divided into the patriarchal family cultural model,independent family cultural model,and patriarchal subversion cultural model.According to whether the willingness of family organ donation is affected by social factors,it can be divided into the conservative family cultural model,swing family cultural model,and selfless family cultural model.Conclusion Willingness to donate organs is greatly affected by family culture,and the overall level of willingness to donate is low.Different family models have different effects on organ donation.Understanding the characteristics of different family models can help the organ donation coordinator to mediate and improve the rate of organ donation.