肾移植术后BK病毒相关肾病的诊治进展

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of BKV-associated nephropathy in patients after kidney transplantation

BK病毒(BKV)是一种小型DNA病毒,是肾移植术后感染常见的病原体,易在肾小管和尿道上皮细胞建立持久感染。BKV感染健康个体后病毒一般不会被激活、复制。然而,对免疫功能低下的肾移植受者而言,病毒易被重新激活,且在某些情况下,会导致BKV相关性肾病(BKVAN)。因缺乏特异性抗病毒药物,BKV感染仍然是导致移植肾功能丢失和患者死亡的重要危险因素。本文就肾移植受者BKVAN的诊断、预防和治疗的现状及未来的发展方向进行综述。

BK virus(BKV)is a small DNA virus which is a common pathogen of infection after kidney transplantation.It establishes lifelong infections in the renal tubules and urothelial cells in most patients.Generally,the virus would not be activated and replicated after infecting healthy individuals.However,for immunocompromised patients such as kidney transplant recipients,BKV is easily reactivated and,in some cases,can lead to BKV-associated nephropathy(BKVAN).Due to the lack of specific antiviral agents,BKV infection remains an important risk factor for loss of graft function and recipient death.This article reviewed the current status and future development direction of the diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of BKVAN in recipients of kidney transplantation.