接受不同训练周期大鼠肾脏机能的最佳恢复时间段

The opitmal recovery time of kidney function in rats after different training period

目的:在以糖酵解供能为主的条件下,观察单周期/周与3周期/周的训练致大鼠疲劳后肾脏结构功能在不同恢复时相的变化,研究其变化规律,并找出不同训练周期训练后机体肾脏机能的最佳恢复时间段。方法:实验于2006-04/05在成都体育学院完成。①实验材料及分组:清洁级成年雌性SD大鼠80只,随机分为空白对照组10只,单周期组35只,3周期组35只。②实验过程:单周期组和3周期组大鼠均负重体质量的12%,按各自不同运动量的训练周期对大鼠进行力竭性游泳训练,1周训练结束后进行1次力竭游泳训练。③实验评估:空白组在安静状态下,单周期组和3周期组在力竭运动后即刻、12,24,36,48,60和72h分别取血液,测定血清乳酸、肌酐、尿素氮和肾脏组织超氧化物歧化酶、Ca2+-ATP酶水平。实验中对动物的处置符合动物伦理学要求。结果:①实验中3只大鼠呛水死亡,进入结果分析75只。②各组大鼠体质量比较:3组大鼠体质量均有不同程度增加,差异无显著性。③大鼠最后一次游泳至力竭的时间比较:3周期组游泳至力竭的时间明显长于单周期组,但差异不显著。④单周期组大鼠血乳酸水平与对照组相比,即刻、24h和48h显著性升高(P<0.01),60h降到近安静水平;血肌酐值与对照组相比,即刻、12h和48h显著性升高(P<0.05),60h降低,72h降至正常水平;血尿素氮于与对照组相比,12h和36h显著性降低(P<0.05),60h,72h恢复至正常水平;肾脏超氧化物歧化酶含量48h显著性降低(P<0.05),60h,72h显著性升高(P<0.05);肾脏Ca2+-ATPase含量与对照组相比,12h显著性降低(P<0.05),72h恢复。3周期组大鼠血液中乳酸水平与对照组相比,即刻,24h极显著性升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),之后下降,72h后降低到正常水平;血肌酐含量与对照组相比,即刻～48h均表现极显著性升高(P<0.01或0.05),72h时恢复到低于正常水平;血尿素氮水平与对照组比较,即刻显著性升高(P<0.05),72h恢复正常;肾脏超氧化物歧化酶水平与对照组相比,即刻显著性降低(P<0.05),72h升高到略高于正常水平;肾脏内Ca2+-ATPase水平即刻～36显著性降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),60h恢复至正常。⑤单周期和3周期组大鼠训练结束后机能变化:从大鼠各指标恢复曲线看,初步认为单周期组大鼠36h为恢复最佳时间点;3周期组大鼠机能没有明显恢复点。结论:①力竭性运动对大鼠肾脏功能影响较大,表现为脂质过氧化损伤加剧,抗氧化酶活性下降,在运动后即刻、12h表现最为严重,其中尤以3周期组肾脏损伤比较严重。②单周期训练方法结束后机体及肾脏机能恢复点为36h左右,但在提高机体机能方面,和3周期组相比差别没有显著性意义。③与单周期组比较,3周期训练方法结束后机体机能恢复滞后,机体有疲劳现象。

AIM: We investigated the changes in kidney function in fatigue rats in different phases after once a wek/third times a week training under glycolysis energy supply, analyzed recovery rules, and found the best recovery time. METHODS: Experiments were performed from April to May 2006 at Chengdu Sport University. ①Eighty clean-grade adult female SD rats were randomly divided into a blank control group (n =10), a once a week group (n =35) and a third times a week group (n =35). ②Rats of the once a week group and the third times a week group weighted 12% body mass. We trained SD rats to swim until fatigue under different periods and swim to fatigue completely after one week's training. ③Blood was collected from rats of the bland control group under quiet state and from rats of the once a week group and third times a week group immediately, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours after exhausted exercise to determine serum lactic acid, creatinine, urea nitrogen levels and superoxide dismutase and Ca2+-ATP levels in kidney tissues. Animal intervention met the animal ethical standard. RESULTS: ①Three rats died by chocking water, 75 ones were involved in the result analysis. ② There was an increase in body mass with different degrees, but there was no obvious significance. ③Rats in the three times a week group swam longer than that in once a week group, but there was no obvious significance. ④Compared with the blank control group, serum lactic acid levels in the once a week group were significantly increased immediately, 24 hours and 48 hours later (P < 0.01), near to quiet levels 60 hours later. Serum creatinine levels were obviously increased immediately, 12 hours and 48 hours later (P < 0.05), decreased 60 hours later, reached to the normal level 72 hours later. Blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly reduced 12 hours and 36 hours later (P < 0.05), returned to the normal level 60 hours and 72 hours later. Kidney superoxide dismutase levels were significantly decreased 48 hours later (P < 0.05), increased 60 hours and 72 hours later (P < 0.05). Ca2+-ATPase levels in kidney were significantly reduced 12 hours later, but recovered 72 hours later. Compared with the blank control group, serum lactic acid levels in the third times a week group were increased immediately and 24 hours later (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and then decreased, reached to the normal level 72 hours later. Serum creatinine levels were significantly increased immediately, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours later (P < 0.01 or 0.05), reduced 72 hours later, even lower than the normal level. Serum urea nitrogen levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05), recovered to the normal level 72 hours later. Superoxide dismutase levels in kidney were significantly reduced immediately after the exercises (P < 0.05), increased 72 hours later, even slightly higher than the normal level. Ca2+-ATPase levels in kidney were significantly decreased immediately, 12, 24 and 36 hours later (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and recovered to the normal level 60 hours later. ⑤From the discovery curve of different indexes, we could believed that the 36 hours was the best discovery time of once a week group; There was no obvious discovery time of third times a week group. CONCLUSION: ①Exhaustive training affects kidney's function greatly and it shows serious lipid superoxide increases, antioxidase's level reduction, and it is most serious immediately, 12 hours after the exercises. The kidney of third times a week group is more serious. ②Rats in the once a week group recovery obviously during 36 hours or so after training, but it has no significant difference to improve body's function. ③Compared with the once a week group, the recovery is later and shows fatigue in the third times a week group.