清季劝业道、劝业员研究综述

A Summary of the Study of Hypothec Governor and Hypothec Staff in the Qing Dynasty

清季因推行新政、振兴实业,清廷在各省设立了劝业道这一四品官职,下设劝业公所,专管各省实业;又在县乡地方一级设立了劝业员一职,下设劝业分所(没有分科,基本仅有劝业员一人),以指导、倡办、统计当地各项实业活动。二者与农工商部一起,构成了国家对从中央到县乡的实业活动进行指导与管理的系列机构。劝业道和劝业员所辖的事务涉及农、工、商、矿、交通等实业各个方面,并为推动清末实业的发展做出了一定的努力和贡献。

In order to carry out the new deal and promote enterprises,the Qing government set up the hypothec governor,an official ranked 4,under the jurisdiction of the province,who was to lead the hypothec office in charge of the enterprises of the province.In addition,a position of hypothec staff was set up under the county and township to lead the hypothec office(with one staff and no branches) to supervise and promote enterprises and make statistics of the local area.Together with the departments of agriculture,industry and commerce,the two offices constituted the systematic organs to supervise and manage the enterprises from the central government to the county and township.In prior studies,attention was focused on the folk forces concerning the economic contributions to the state with insufficient reference to the government.However,the enterprises of agriculture,industry,commerce,mining and communication under the two offices made great efforts and contribution to the development of the Qing Dynasty.