室内空气污染与儿童哮喘病例-对照调查

Case-Control Survey on Indoor Air Pollution and Childhood Asthma

目的 探讨室内空气污染与儿童哮喘的关系.方法 采用国际儿童哮喘研究(ISAAC)统一调查方案,在北京市顺义区25所小学生普查的基础上,筛选6～10岁儿童哮喘阳性病例403例,对照806例,进行病例-对照调查.结果 被动吸烟和家庭燃煤取暖、烹调等可增加儿童哮喘的危险性.母亲怀孕期家中有1、2～3和3人以上亲属在母亲面前吸烟,则儿童哮喘的危险性可分别增加10%、20%和2.3倍(OR 1.1,95% CI:0.8～1.5;OR 1.2,95% CI:0.9～1.6;OR 3.3,95% CI:1.9～5.9);孩子出生后家中有1、2 ～3和3人以上在孩子面前吸烟可分别增加儿童哮喘危险性30%、40%和1.6倍(OR 1.3,95% CI:1.0～1.8;OR 1.4,95% CI:1.1～2.0;OR 2.6,95% CI:1.5～4.4);家庭燃煤取暖和烹调可增加儿童哮喘危险性50%和60%(OR 1.5,95% CI:1.1～1.9;OR 1.6,95% CI:0.8～2.8);在厨房烹调时,偶尔使用或不使用排风扇,可增加危险性40%和60%(OR 1.4,95% CI:09～2.1.OR 1.6.95% CI:1.2～2.1).结论 被动吸烟和家庭燃煤取暖烹调均是增加儿童哮喘的主要危险因素.

Objective To explore the risk of indoor air pollution associated with childhood asthmas.It was a sub-topic of the project《Childhood Asthmas in Beijing,China :A Population Based Case-Control Study》.Methods According to the core questionnaire of ISAAC,a case-control survey was conducted in 25 primary schools in Shunyi county of Beijing,403 cases and 806 controls were selected from 6-10 years old children group.Results Passive smoking,using coal for heating and cooking increased the risk of childhood asthmas.The childhood asthmas risk increased 10%,20% and 2.3 times when one person,two or three persons and more than three persons smoked in front of the pregnant mother(OR 1.1,95% CI: 0.8-1.5,OR 1.2,95% CI: 0.9-1.6,OR 3.3,95% CI: 1.9-5.9) and increased 30%,40% and 1.6 times when they smoked in front of the child(OR 1.3,95% CI: 1.0-1.8, OR 1.4,95% CI: 1.1-2.0,OR 2.6,95% CI: 1.5-4.4).Using coal for heating and cooking increased asthmas risk of 50% and 60% respectively(OR 1.5,95% CI: 1.1-1.9,OR 1.6,95% CI: 0.8-2.8).During coal cooking with ventilation or without ventilation,the childhood asthmas increased 40% and 60%(OR 1.4,95% CI: 0.9-2.1,OR 1.6,95% CI: 1.2-2.1).Conclusion Passive smoking,using coal for heating and cooking are major risk factors causing childhood asthmas.