早产儿喂养不耐受的影响因素分析及对策

Analysis of influential factors of feeding intolerance in premature infant

目的:了解早产儿喂养不耐受的影响因素,探讨有利于早产儿喂养成功的策略.方法:对130例早产儿的出生体重、胎龄、开始喂养日龄等与喂养不耐受发生关系进行回顾性分析.结果:喂养不耐受的发生率为30%,出生体重≤1 500 g组喂养不耐受发生率与出生体重＞1 500 g组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);胎龄≤34周与胎龄＞34～36周,喂养不耐受发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);开始喂养日龄＞2天组喂养不耐受发生率高于开始喂养日龄≤2天组(P＜0.05);早产儿是否窒息、有无并发症及母亲有无妊娠合并症与喂养不耐受无明显关系.结论:早产儿开始喂养过迟易出现喂养不耐受.早期合适的喂养可减少对静脉营养的依赖,提高早产儿生存质量.

Objective:To investigate the influential factors of feeding intolerance in premature infant and to find strategies for the prevention of feeding intolerance.Methods:The relationships among feeding intolerance and birth weight,gestation,and timing of feeding initiation of about 130 premature infant in our hospital from January 2005 to July 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The total rate of feeding intolerance in premature infant was 30 percent.There was no significant difference found between birth weights of ≤1 500 g and >1 500 g(P> 0.05).Further,there was no significant difference found between gestation periods of ≤34 and >34 weeks,although for ≤36 a difference was found(P> 0.05).As for the timing of feeding initiation,a significant difference was found between times of > 2 days and ≤ 2 days(P< 0.05).Asphyxia,other complications,and gestational disease in the mother were not associated with feeding intolerance.Conclusions:Feeding intolerance occurs more easily in neonates with later feeding initiation.The early right feeding can reduce the premature infant dependence of parenteral natrintion and improve the living quality of the premature infant.