清末留日学生与游日官绅之比较——以立宪风潮中直隶游日官绅为中心的考察

A Comparative Study of Overseas Students of Ending Term of Qing Dynasty in Japan and Government officials and Gentry Observing in Japan——The Research Based on Government officials and Gentry of Zhili observing in Japan in the Movement of Constitutionali

清末赴日本学习及考察的中国人,分青年学生和官绅两大类。1905年以前,以南方两湖、江浙、广东、四川等数省的青年学生为主;1905年以后则以直隶为中心的体制内的官绅为主。二者在日本所关注和学习的内容不同,思想和行动有别;归国后的作用也存在差异。

At the end of Qing Dynasty the Chinese learning and observing in Japan can be divided into two categories: the young students and the officials and gentry.Before 1905,most of them were the young students from Hubei,Hunan,Zhejiang,Guangdong,Sichuan and other provinces.After 1905,they were mainly officials and gentry of the Zhili within the institutionalization.Because of different concerns,ideas and actions,they played different roles after they returned.